| Primary focus | Security research firm known for blockchain audits and open-source tools like Slither and Echidna. | Offensive security firm: continuous pen testing, red teaming, and attack surface management via Cosmos. | Crowdsourced security: bug bounty, VDP and pentest programs |
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| Overview | Trail of Bits is a security research and consulting firm performing software, blockchain/smart-contract, and AI/ML security reviews, publishing findings openly, and maintaining 100+ open-source tools including Slither, Echidna, and Manticore. | Bishop Fox is an offensive security firm offering penetration testing, red team and social-engineering exercises, and continuous attack surface management through its Cosmos platform, serving numerous Fortune 100 clients. | Bugcrowd runs bug bounty, vulnerability disclosure and penetration-testing-as-a-service programs through a managed platform and vetted researcher community. |
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Trail of BitsOther license